In hunter-gatherer societies, the main source of energy was the sun, which provided energy to the primary consumers of their ecosystem, which it turn fed them. After this, in agricultural society, our main source of energy came from wood, charcoal, and straw. These were obviously good for burning, to heat whatever we need heated. Waterwheels and windmills represent clever innovations made to preindustrial society over many generations. Most innovations weren't made by one person, but instead refined to something over a period of time. Unfortunately, even though they were functional and helpful, the waterwheels and windmills didn't account for much energy. in addition, most of the energy available, charcoal, wood, was limited and easily used up. Preindustrial society lacked the more static, high energy resources we have today that allows us to build, create, and expand our world.
I understand dung was a prevalent energy source for some eastern preindustrial societies. The book makes no mention of other societies to do this. Did any other societies, like european societies, use this?
Since guns have been around so long, why weren't they used more prevalently earlier in history?
It's interesting that Europe was able to gain its domination over other parts of the world via Sailship. I never realized this connect, but I still think that they would've taken over the same places if their nautical technology wasn't as good. Thoughts?
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